What is the Security Accounts Manager (SamSs) service?
The Security Accounts Manager service administers the database of user and group account information stored on your computer. The service helps to authenticate local and remote users logging on to your PC.
The service’s display name is SamSs and it’s hosted in the LSA process, lsass.exe. By default, the service is set to start automatically when your computer boots:
That means that if you stop SamSs, those services will stop as well. And that may cripple your computer.
For example, if the Server service stops, file and printer sharing won’t work. Are those features important to you?
In any case, you may find it next to impossible to stop the SamSs service!
You will notice that the stop button is disabled in the Services application:
And the SC command informs us that the service is not stoppable, cannot be paused and ignores shutdown requests:
Apparently Microsoft really doesn’t want anyone to disturb the Security Accounts Manager service!
Is it OK to disable the Security Accounts Manager service?
The service’s description states:
Disabling this service will prevent other services in the system from being notified when the SAM is ready, which may in turn cause those services to fail to start correctly. This service should not be disabled.
What happens if I kill the SamSs process (lsass.exe)?
The Security Accounts Manager service runs inside the lsass.exe process, which multiple services may share.
For example, here you see three services — SamSs, VaultSvc (Credential Manager), and Keyslo (CNG Key Isolation) — all running in the same instance of lsass.exe (with PID 708):
Because all three services are running in the same process, terminating the process will stop all three services.
That’s probably OK for the CNG Key Isolation service but Credential Manager is a building block for another three services. Be sure to understand the implication of terminating the Credential Manager service before killing the shared lsass process.
Open Services and check if someone has disabled the RPC service. If so, you should definitely re-enable it.
After that, try to start the RPC service. If that works, you can start SamSs next.
Questions? Problems?
If you would like to know more about the Security Accounts Manager service, or you have a specific problem, please feel free to get in touch. We will do our best to help you!
In those situations, each entry in AlwaysUp will point to the same executable — A5ApplicationServer.exe. However, each instance will specify its own configuration file in the “Arguments” field.
Here is what it looks like when creating an instance of Alpha Five in AlwaysUp:
Since the name of the configuration file (C:\AlphaFive\Server1-config.xml) is based on the entry’s name in AlwaysUp (Server1), we can use the $ALWAYSUP_NAME variable in the “Arguments” field instead:
Using a variable like that reduces errors and saves a few keystrokes when duplicating the entry. And that can come in very handy when you have to create and manage many instances!
By the way, you can check out the full list of variables on page 78 of the AlwaysUp User’s Manual.
AlwaysUp can roll over log files when capturing your console application’s output
If you’re running a console application as a Windows Service with AlwaysUp, you may already know about the option to capture output to a file. That setting is available on the Extras tab.
In previous releases, the only option to limit the file’s size was by trimming. When the file grew larger than the given threshold, AlwaysUp would discard the oldest 25% of the file to make room for new entries. As such, there was no way retain all console output while limiting the file’s size.
To address that shortcoming, AlwaysUp now supports rollover when the file gets too large. When the rollover option is enabled, AlwaysUp will copy a too-large log file to a name suffixed with the current date and restart capture with an empty file.
For example, let’s say you’re logging to a file named “console-output.log” and limiting the size to 10 MB. And on April 20, 2022, the file exceeds the threshold. In response, AlwaysUp will:
Copy the file to “console-output_2022-04-20.log”, to preserve all entries recorded so far;
Zero out “console-output.log” and start writing new entries there.
Note that if there are many rollovers in a single day, AlwaysUp will add numeric suffix to produce a unique file name. That may result in files named “console-output_2022-04-20_01.log” or “console-output_2022-04-20_02.log” in the situation above.
You can activate the rollover option on the Extras tab. Check the Capture output… and Automatically… boxes and choose rollover from the selector:
Other fixes & improvements
When creating a Node.js Windows Service, the Application Advisor will set the “Start in directory” to the folder containing the script. That’s the right setting for scripts that rely on other Node files in the same folder.
As usual, please review the release notes for the full list of features, fixes and improvements included in this release.
Upgrading to AlwaysUp 13.3
If you purchased AlwaysUp version 12 (after March 2020), you can upgrade to any version 13 for free. Simply download and install “over the top” to preserve your existing applications and all settings. Your registration code will continue to work as well.
If you bought AlwaysUp version 11 or earlier (before March 2020), you will need to upgrade to use version 13. Consequently, please purchase upgrades here — at a 50% discount.
What’s the best way to restart a Windows Service remotely from our central domain server?
— Sylvia W.
Hi Sylvia.
We know of at least five ways to restart a Windows Service on a remote machine. Let’s review each method, focusing on the pros and cons to help you select the approach that best fits your situation.
Method #1: Use the Services application to connect to the remote PC
Did you know that the Services application works with remote computers? For some reason, Microsoft buried that feature in the interface, making it very easy to miss!
Services is a standard utility that is available on every Windows computer.
Services is very easy to use.
Besides starting or stopping the service, you can also update the service’s properties. For example, you can disable the service, setup failure actions or change the log on account.
Cons
Working with Services is interactive. You (or your tech) must log in, start Services, connect to the remote PC and start the service. You can’t call Services from a batch file. As a result, this approach is not suitable for non-interactive situations.
Method #2: Run SC with the “server” command line parameter
If you’re comfortable working from the command prompt, the SC utility should be in your toolbox.
To stop a Windows Service on another machine, run:
SC \\<SERVER-NAME> STOP <SERVICE-NAME>
For example, to stop the Spooler service on our file server (named “ctc-file-server”), we run:
SC \\ctc-file-server STOP Spooler
Be sure to run SC from an elevated command prompt — run as an administrator. If not, the command could fail because of insufficient permissions.
Pros
SC is a standard utility that is available on every Windows computer.
With SC, you can easily start or stop a service.
You can call SC from a batch file, which makes it suitable for non-interactive scenarios.
SC can do much more than start or stop a service. You can use it to change a service’s properties as well. In fact, it supports many more settings than the Services application does. Run SC /? to see the full set of options available.
Cons
When starting or stopping a service, SC simply makes a request and exits. It will not wait for the service to transition to the desired state. Unfortunately, that behavior can cause complications in batch files. For example, if you call “SC STOP” immediately followed by “SC START”, the start command will fail if the service takes a few seconds to stop.
Like SC, PsService allows you to start, stop or restart your service from the command line. And importantly, PsService works with remote computers.
In fact, PsService offers a rich set of command line options. Run PsService /? to see them:
Look closely and you’ll see that PsService offers one important capability that neither SC nor Services does — the ability to specify the account to use on the remote computer. That feature comes in handy if your account doesn’t have enough rights or if you want to use a specific account to control the service.
For example, to start the Spooler service on our “ctc-file-server” computer, we run:
PsService \\ctc-file-server start Spooler
Pros
PsService is safe, free, reliable and endorsed by Microsoft.
With PsService, you can easily start or stop a service.
You can call PsService from a batch file, which makes it suitable for non-interactive scenarios.
With PsService, you can specify the username and password of an administrative account on the remote PC. As a result, your account doesn’t need to have administrative rights on the remote computer.
Cons
PsService does not come pre-installed on your computer. You will have to download and install/unzip the PSTools suite to use PsService. This may be an issue if you are operating in a “locked down” environment where adding new software is difficult.
When starting or stopping a service, PsService simply makes a request and exits. It will not wait for the service to transition to the desired state. Unfortunately, that behavior can cause complications in batch files. For example, if you call “PsService stop” immediately followed by “PsService start”, the start command will fail if the service takes a few seconds to stop.
Method #4: Use Microsoft’s PsExec to run NET
PsExec is another powerful tool in the SysInternals arsenal. It allows you to run arbitrary commands on a remote computer.
Running the NET command with PsExec produces a command that will start or stop your service and wait for it to complete. That may be an important improvement over SC and PsService, which simply put in a request and exit.
For example, this command stops the Spooler service on our “ctc-file-server” computer:
PsExec \\ctc-file-server NET STOP SPOOLER
Pros
PsExec is safe, free, reliable and endorsed by Microsoft.
With PsExec and NET, you can easily start or stop a service.
You can call PsExec from a batch file, which makes it suitable for non-interactive scenarios.
With PsExec, you can specify the username and password of an administrative account on the remote PC. As a result, your account doesn’t need to have administrative rights on the remote computer.
PsExec with NET will wait for your service to start or stop before returning.
Cons
PsExec does not come pre-installed on your computer. You will have to download and install/unzip the PSTools suite to use PsExec. This may be an issue if you are operating in a “locked down” environment where adding new software is difficult.
NET waits up to 30 seconds for the service to start or stop. That may not be enough time for a service that takes a long time to transition.
Method #5: Use PsExec to run ServicePilot
If your service takes a while to start or stop, you may want to use our free ServicePilot utility instead of NET. With ServicePilot, you are not limited to a 30-second timeout.
ServicePilot is better than NET in other ways too. For example, ServicePilot can restart a service in one operation (instead of issuing a stop followed by a start) or forcibly terminate a misbehaving service.
This command uses ServicePilot to start the Spooler service on our “ctc-file-server” computer:
Note that the command above assumes that the ServicePilot executable is available on the remote machine. If that is not the case and you only have ServicePilot on the local machine, you must instruct PsExec to copy the executable to the remote PC by specifying the -c parameter. Here is what that command looks like:
Even though it’s less efficient, having PsExec copy the executable each time might be the better option for occasional (and unplanned) use cases.
Pros
ServicePilot is safe and free.
With PsExec and ServicePilot, you can easily start or stop a service.
You can call PsExec from a batch file, which makes it suitable for non-interactive scenarios.
With PsExec, you can specify the username and password of an administrative account on the remote PC. As a result, your account doesn’t need to have administrative rights on the remote computer.
PsExec with ServicePilot will wait for your service to start or stop before returning.
Cons
Neither PsExec nor ServicePilot come pre-installed on your computer. You will have to download them. This may be an issue if you are operating in a “locked down” environment where adding new software is difficult.
That’s it. Hopefully one of these five methods works for you.
Appendix: Update security settings to access your remote service
Windows does a great job of locking down services. As such, you may have to relax the rules if you want to start or stop a service remotely.
Ensure that your account has sufficient rights on the remote machine
Are you sure that your Windows account can update the service?
Can you log in to the remote machine and start or stop the service?
If not, you’re probably missing permissions. You may have to:
Make your account an administrator on the remote computer. By default, only administrators can manipulate Windows Services.
Give your account permission to access the service. Log in to the remote computer and use our free Service Security Editor utility to adjust the service’s permissions:
Look on the right side. If there is no value named LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy, create it by selecting Edit > New > DWORD (32-Bit) Value and naming it.
On the right side, right-click LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy and select Modify. Enter a value of 1:
AlwaysUp is free of viruses, trojans, advertising and malware of any kind.
That’s because the integrity of our software is our company’s highest priority. Indeed, we take the following steps to ensure that AlwaysUp is safe & secure.
AlwaysUp is digitally signed, for authenticity
The executable files distributed with AlwaysUp are all code signed. With that, you can rest assured that no one has compromised the files on your system since we created them.
For example, when you launch AlwaysUp, the embedded signature tells you that our company — Core Technologies Consulting, LLC — created the software:
Similarly, you can see the digital signatures when you open the executable file’s properties:
Those digital signatures make it impossible to tamper with AlwaysUp.
Each release of AlwaysUp is scanned for viruses
We thoroughly test AlwaysUp before each release. Those tests include virus scanning.
And after release, independent third parties interrogate AlwaysUp as well. Here are the results from a few of their recent scans:
AlwaysUp is clean of any form of malware (viruses, spyware, adware, etc.)
VirusTotal inspected AlwaysUp with over 70 antivirus scanners
If your antivirus software suggests that an AlwaysUp executable is infected, it’s almost surely a false alarm. Please contact us with the details and we will work with the makers of your virus protection software to resolve the issue.
Hundreds of security-conscious companies & governments use AlwaysUp every day
Customers have installed AlwaysUp more than 80,000 times over the past 15 years.
As a result, you will find AlwaysUp protecting applications all over the globe in:
Global financial institutions
Cruise line operators
Energy corporations
Aircraft manufacturers
Healthcare providers
Railroad companies
Top universities & research institutions
The US government
In fact, more than 20 companies in the Fortune 50 run AlwaysUp.
And all those companies care about security! They certainly wouldn’t embrace AlwaysUp if it wasn’t safe.
AlwaysUp is actively supported and regularly patched
In a world of supply chain compromises (like the Solarwinds hack) and vicious ransomware attacks (like WannaCry), software vendors must remain hyper-vigilant about security.
Since day one, security has played an important role in the design and implementation of AlwaysUp. In fact, we architected the software to keep your information secure.
For example, AlwaysUp:
Hides your Windows password when you’re entering it on the Logon tab
Doesn’t store your Windows password
Omits your Windows password when you export an application to XML.
Please read How AlwaysUp Works to learn about the internals of AlwaysUp.
Posted onMarch 11, 2022 (Revised September 3, 2023)
One of our Windows Services crashes a few times a month. When that happens, a tech has to log into the server and start the service again, which is a pain. Isn’t there a way to restart the service automatically after it crashes? Please help.
— Kirkland
Hi Kirkland.
A Windows Service is Microsoft’s technology of choice for mission-critical applications that must run 24/7/365. As such, it’s incredibly frustrating when a service crashes and fails to deliver on that primary task!
Not to worry though, we’ve got your back. Here are a couple of ways to ensure that your Windows Service rebounds quickly after a crash (or other failure).
Solution #1: Configure Service Recovery (Basic)
Good news! Windows Services come with a built-in recovery mechanism.
If you open your troublesome service in the Services application, you will notice the Recovery tab:
There, you can specify what happens the first, second and subsequent times that your service fails.
Windows can perform one of the following three actions in response to a failure:
Restart the service
Restart the computer
Run a program
Or you can select “Take no action” to do nothing at all. That is the default for new services.
If you choose to run a program, you must specify the full path to the program to run, along with any parameters required.
For your situation, we recommend that you set all failure actions to “Restart the Service”:
Simple, right? Well, maybe not. While the actions are straightforward, exactly what defines a failure? Under what conditions will Windows invoke the actions you have specified (i.e. to restart the service)?
Note that (b) applies only if the Enable actions for stops with errors box on the Recovery tab is checked. You should definitely enable that option because doing so will allow Windows to catch a wider range of failures of your misbehaving service.
To sum up, here is our final recommended recovery configuration:
Next, let’s look at where Windows Service recovery does a great job and where it’s not quite up to the task.
What service interruptions are covered by the Recovery tab?
The recovery settings above will cover a wide array of interruptions of your service.
For example, Windows will restart your service if:
The service ends unexpectedly
The service’s process is terminated (e.g. someone kills it from Task Manager)
The service exits with a non-zero error code
What service interruptions are NOT covered by the Recovery tab?
Sadly, the following disruptions are not handled by the basic recovery settings:
The service fails to start at boot
Someone accidentally stops the service from Services (or using the NET or SC commands)
The service stops unexpectedly but exits with code 0 (e.g. due to a bug in the software)
An internal component of the service crashes but the service shuts down normally
The service has a memory leak and stops working after it runs for a while
Other ways that Service Recovery falls short
Besides the above:
Service failures will be silent. That’s because the recovery options do not include notification. As a result, you may not find out when your service fails to start.
There is no protection in “zombie” situations — where your service is running but isn’t working as expected. Unfortunately, the recovery options are not sophisticated enough to look beyond the service’s status.
Solution #2: Deploy Service Protector (Advanced)
For comprehensive protection against a wide range of problems — including the ones listed above — you should use our Service Protector software.
Service Protector keeps any Windows Service running 24/7/365. Whenever a service stops — no matter the reason — Service Protector will immediately restart it.
Here’s a look at Service Protector babysitting the Windows print spooler service on our Server 2022 machine:
But Service Protector is much more than automatic restarts. Here are some of its key features:
Stuck service detection
Service Protector will handle non-responsive services that become stuck in the “Stopping” or “Starting” states for too long.
CPU hog detection
You can tell Service Protector to restart your service if it “runs hot” for a long period.
Memory leak/hog detection
A Windows Service that constantly eats up RAM can lead to disaster. Service Protector will terminate and recycle leaky services, to free up accumulated memory and restore normal operation.
Email alerts when things go wrong
To ensure that you are kept in the loop, Service Protector can send you an email whenever your service fails.
Need to perform some housekeeping tasks before your service starts? Service Protector can run a batch file (or program) before restarting your Windows Service.
Scheduled restarts
Sometimes software that has been running for too long doesn’t work. Service Protector can restart your service (or reboot the PC) at specific times, to minimize the effects of memory leaks and keep your service “fresh”.
Daily/Weekly reports
Service Protector will email you summaries of restarts, crashes, etc.
Error control
Service Protector will automatically dismiss those annoying “I have crashed!” message boxes that can halt the action.
Restores disabled services
If some clever person disables your service from the Services application, Service Protector will automatically re-enable it.
Try Service Protector for Free
Best of all, you can setup your service with Service Protector and see how it works completely free for 30 days. No need to make a purchase, register your email or provide a credit card. Just download and install.
Finally, while the Recovery tab is free, a perpetual license of Service Protector costs $99.99.
Nevertheless, if you are operating in a commercial environment where downtime is costly, we recommend making that modest investment to bulletproof your servers.
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